What is the leading cause of accidents in mountaineering?

The leading cause of accidents in mountaineering, particularly in the context of the choices provided, is often linked to climbing without ropes. Climbing without proper protection significantly increases the risks involved, as it exposes climbers to severe consequences in the event of a fall. Proper use of safety gear, such as ropes, harnesses, and anchors, serves as a fundamental aspect of safe climbing practices. Without these precautions, even minor missteps can result in serious injuries or fatalities.

While all the options listed present various risks associated with mountaineering, the act of climbing without ropes directly undermines the safety measures designed to protect climbers. Other factors, such as falling rocks, adverse weather changes, and the potential of exceeding one’s ability, contribute to mountaineering hazards but can often be mitigated with the use of proper equipment and cautious approaches. Therefore, climbing without ropes stands out as a primary factor leading to accidents, highlighting the critical importance of safety gear in the sport.